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The Adaptable House By Avi Friedman
Download The Adaptable House By Avi Friedman
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- Sales Rank: #2642189 in eBooks
- Published on: 2002-07-05
- Released on: 2002-07-05
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
Excerpts from article written by Avi Friedman. .
Adapting Mind-Sets to Nature.
. The La Foret de Marie-Victorin project began when Jean-Marie Lavoie and Paul Brassard, retired architects from the Quebec City area purchased a 41-hectare (102-acre) plot of densely-forested land in a town called Saint-Nicolas. Proximity to the Saint Lawrence River with a view of the city in the far distance made the site a prime location for a residential development..
. When Lavoie and Brassard contemplated their approach to the site design and the type of homes they wished to build, they realized that they must apply unconventional thinking to their decisions. They recognized that common approaches to contemporary development--those that involve clearing the forest and building wide boulevards--would destroy the natural beauty of the site. The homes, they also decided, should not be sprawling suburban dwellings whose construction would mean extensive alteration of the landscape. They instead agreed that adaptability to the topography needed to play a pivotal role in both urban planning and unit design. In their search for a housing prototype that would satisfy these requirements, they became familiar with my work and invited me to collaborate with them in the design of both the community and the homes. A set goal was to promote sustainable living and create a community that contributed to such a mind-set..
. Sustainable Living.
. The notion of sustainable development was introduced in the seventies as a result of recognition of the environmental harm that current development practices had caused. Authors like Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful warned of actions that, if pursued further, could endanger the delicate balance between people and nature. Years later, this reflection led to the establishment of several international organizations that attempted to outline specific actions to remedy the situation. In their 1987 report, Our Common Future, the Brundland Commission defined sustainable development as "development that meets the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." A conceptual approach whereby every present action has to be taken while considering its future effect on the environment was put in place..
. When broken into sub-components, three main aspects were seen as influencing the functioning of a sustainable community. The first is society itself: the people who reside in the development, on their demographic make-up, and their lifestyles. The economic vitality of the development is also an essential aspect, since monetary failure will cause the enterprise to cease to exist. The final issue is the environment itself--with its many facets which include the built components and nature. Only when a balance is struck between these three elements, a balance that considers the future, is sustainable development possible..
. Since the turn of the twentieth century, and especially after World War II, bad development practices have begun to take their toll. There were many ramifications to such practices in which the environment was one of the main casualties. Forested landscape was cleared to make room for wide roads. Vast green spaces were covered with sod that needed large quantities of fresh water during dry summer months. The homes themselves swelled in size. North America consumed domestic space much like any other product. The design of homes became more intricate and complex, leading to the use of many scarce natural resources, of which lumber was the main one..
. It was recognized that old practices needed to be abandoned and that new ones had to be put in place. Sustainable residential development set out to reduce reliance on cars by encouraging pedestrian movements and a mix of commercial and residential uses. Alternative building products and practices that consume fewer natural resources are becoming widespread. Attention is being paid to constructing better-insulated homes that consume less energy, and designers position the houses better to maximize passive solar gain. The proliferation of telecommunications and the popularity of working at home have also reduced travel time and enabled the mixing of commercial and domestic activities within the same residence..
. These processes all demonstrate that what is needed and has perhaps begun is an adaptable mind-set, one that recognizes that present actions bear future consequences. We employed such a mind-set in the design of La Foret de Marie-Victorin..
. Seeing the Forest and the Trees.
. The first stage in the development of the master plan began by taking stock of the site's existing conditions. There were small- and large-scale aspects that were considered in the design. Two areas with dense concentration of trees were documented: the first was on the northern edge of the site and the second in a ravine in the middle. Both areas run in an east-west direction. On a small scale, throughout the site there were many impressive rocky areas with large visible boulders that created a magnificent formation worth preserving. Many trees on the site were old growth..
. After the recording of site characteristics was completed, objectives were set for the design of the roads. In order to keep nature intact, it was decided that circulation should be as short as possible. Also, unlike typical suburban streets measuring 12.2 meters (40 feet) wide, a 6.1 meter (20-foot) road was designed. The sidewalks were only 455mm (18 inches) wide and were at the same level as the street's asphalt surface, letting rain water return to nature where it belonged. The street path was routed according to the site elevations, bypassing boulders and refraining from cutting trees. During construction, all the services were buried under the road, again to maintain the natural beauty of the place..
. The land subdivision was another design aspect that required deviation from the common approach. Rather than create lots with 18.3 x 30.5 meter (60 x 100 foot) dimensions, it was recognized that long, narrow lots would be more suitable for the site. Smaller homes in denser configurations could be assembled rather than encouraging the building of larger units. While considering the design, we recognized that the practice of clearing trees from the entire lot should be discouraged by enacting a requirement in the deed of sale that only those trees that grew on the footprint of the home would be cut. The rest would be protected during construction and would remain untouched. The dense areas in the middle and at the top of the site, it was decided, would be turned into a communal park to be used by all the inhabitants..
Another important decision that helped preserve the site was to place the homes as close as possible to the road, thereby further preventing cutting down of trees. Carports were offered as an option and would be placed in front of the house or next to it. In order to reduce the need for utiltity poles to carry telephone, electricity, and cable TV, a service column was constructed in front of each house. The column would be the exit for all the underground services that were placed under the road. It would also be the place where a domestic recycling box would be located for general collection..
. Fitting Homes to the Landscape.
. The quest for a home with a long and narrow footprint that would prevent the clearing of many trees led to the development of a unit measuring 6.1 x 9.8 meters (20 x 32 feet). The design created floors of 64 square meters (640 square feet), each of which could become a self-contained, one-bedroom apartment. Here, too, a variety of typologies was offered. Units could be built as two- or three-story structures to accommodate one or several households. When a three-story home was offerd, it too could be divided into one or more units. There could also be a range of internal configurations to accommodate a variety of household compositions..
. Recognizing the effect that extensive excavation and dynamiting would have on the environment, the construction of a basement level was avoided. A shallow foundation was constructed, and the attic of the structure was taken advantage of instead. A special truss was selected, one that allowed the maximum use of the space under the roof. Turning the attic into a habitable space also aided in resource conservation. Since warm air rises, there would be a reduced need to heat the upper floors during winter months. Special precautions were taken during construction to protect the tree trunks, which were wrapped to guard against damage caused by heavy machinery..
. Keeping the Options Open.
. In order to maximize choice and adaptability in the unit design, an appropriate floor plan had to be created. Locating all the unit's wet functions and services along one of the walls proved to be a suitable strategy; as it freed the rest of the space for interior partitioning that fit the occupants' needs and budgets. As a result, the stairs, kitchen, bathrooms, and utilities were all placed against the north wall. This strategy had another advantage: preventing the fenestration of that wall reduced energy losses. It also contributed to increased privacy from the neighboring home. The openings were placed instead on the other facades and mostly on the southern elevation to maximize passive solar gain..
. The open-ended approach to the design provided an opportunity to create a variety of interior configurations and develop a range of layout options for each floor. The options created a possible scenario whereby the ground floor could be used as an independent dwelling unit to house an elderly member of the family. Alternatively, the floor could become a home office for a household that would reside on the upper two floors. It was expected that buyers would use these options as a menu from which they will select their needed number of floors, desired interior layout, and suitable finishes..
. In order to maximize the flexibility of the overall space a... (The Canadian Architect 2002-10-01)
From the Back Cover
A MASTER BLUEPRINT FOR FLEXIBLE HOUSING FROM A PIONEER IN THE FIELD
Award-winning author Avi Friedman believes that the homes in which we live should not be regarded � or designed � as single purpose, unchangeable physical environments incapable of adapting to the occupant�s evolving needs. A home, he contends, should be constructed as a life cycle house where changes such as children being born or leaving the nest, elderly relatives moving in, or the need for home office space are all easily accommodated.
This powerful, eloquent resource provides a clear, systematic guide to the conception and construction of adaptable homes that can be quickly, easily, and inexpensively altered to reflect the new needs of owners. Packed with floor plans, drawings, photos, and charts to fully illustrate the author�s suggestions, The Adaptable House is more than a persuasive argument for designing and building flexible structures � it is an innovative blueprint for putting principles into practice.
�A conflict exists between the dynamic nature of occupants� lives and the homes in which they choose to reside. . . . The argument this book puts forward is that a fit between the evolving space needs of occupants and their homes needs to be simpler than it is at present.�--From the Preface
America�s rapidly changing demographics � people living longer, an increasing number working from home, fewer having children � demand a greater flexibility, creativity, and awareness in home design and construction. Clearly, the era of unchangeable homes, capable of accommodating just one life-style is drawing to a close, and there exists a clear need for new, imaginative strategies, tasks, and products.
The Adaptable House provides specific design approaches and techniques that facilitate flexible design � both on the inside and out. These principles make it simple to alter a dwelling�s layout, demolish partitions or build new ones, upgrade heating systems, and change the locations of staircases.
The Adaptable House is divided into three sections: the first sets the stage for adaptability, the second outlines relevant design principles, and the last shows their actual application in a variety of projects with detailed coverage of:
* Interior layouts and room configurations
* Exterior elements such as roofs and facades
* New building materials and methods
* Easy add-ons and remodels
* Single-family and multiple dwelling houses
This groundbreaking reference outlines both a vision and process that together will alter our concept of the structure we call home.
About the Author
Avi Friedman received his Bachelor of Architecture degree from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, his master of Architecture degree from McGill University, and his Ph.D. from the Universite de Montreal. He cofounded the Affordable Homes Program at the McGill School of Architecture, where he is an Associate Professor..
. Avi Friedman is the author of the books The Grow Home and Planning the New Suburbia: Flexibility by Design. He has written extensively on subjects ranging from prefabrication and construction technology to suburban planning and space management..
. Dr. Friedman has worked as the head of design for a homebuilding firm in Montreal. He has designed housing prototypes that were constructed by homebuilders in the private sector. The Grow Home, a narrow-front rowhouse, received immense media attention and has since been built in communities across North America. The Next Home, also the subject of much media scrutiny, is a flexible and affordable housing type. Dr. Friedman's design work and projects have been covered extensively on TV shows such as ABC's Good Morning America, Dream Builders, and Stewart Brand's How Buildings Learn (British Broadcasting Corporation), in magazines such as Popular Science, Architecture, and Home, and in newspapers including The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and San Francisco Examiner. Avi Friedman has been a speaker at meetings of government officials, development authorities, university faculties and students, homebuilders, architects, and planners. He has received numerous awards for his research, design, and teaching, including the American Institute of Architects Education Honors, the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Creative Achievement Award, the Progressive Architecture Research Award, the Manning Award for Technological Innovation, and the United Nations World Habitat Award. He is also Wallpaper's designation as one of the 10 people who will change the way we live--an award shared by noted architect Rem Koolhaas, Ingvar Kamprad, founder of Ikea, and Sven Mattisson, co-developer of the Bluetooth microchip..
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